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Sa jariri ya yi barci: hanyoyin ɗabi'a a gaban bincike

Koyon yin barci da kansa yakan shiga cikin kuka, kuma iyaye da yawa suna fargabar sakamako na dindindin. Shekaru ashirin na binciken bazuwar, ciki har da bin diddigin yara har zuwa shekaru 6, suna zana hoto mai nutsuwa: ɗan riba a barcin jariri da lafiyar tunanin iyaye, ba tare da an gano wata illa ba (Price et al., Pediatrics, 2012).

Abin da hanyoyin ɗabi'a suka ƙunsa

Waɗannan hanyoyin sun ƙunshi dabaru da yawa. Wadda aka fi sani, ragewa sannu-sannu (wani lokaci ana kiranta hanyar kuka mai sarrafawa), tana nufin amsa kuka ta hanyar tsawaita tazara tsakanin ziyarce-ziyarcen jaririn sannu-sannu, domin ya koyi yin barci da kansa (RACGP, 2014 ; Korownyk da Lindblad, 2018). Zaman tare (camping out): iyaye suna zama kusa da gado yayin da jariri ke yin barci, sannan suna nisantar da kujera a matakai cikin mako ɗaya zuwa uku (RACGP, 2014).

Binciken ya kuma gwada bedtime fading, ɗan jinkirin lokacin kwanciya na ɗan lokaci a farkon shirin (Gradisar et al., Pediatrics, 2016). Wani bita kan bincike 59 kan yara daga haihuwa zuwa shekaru 5 ya lissafa sassan waɗannan shirye-shiryen, waɗanda galibi ƙwararru ke koyar da iyaye. Koyon barci da kansa yana kan gaba (68 % na shirye-shiryen), gabanin ka'idojin lokacin kwanciya (53 %). Tsaftar barci tana cikin 47 % na shirye-shiryen (Pétrin et al., Sleep Medicine, 2026).

A babban binciken Ostiraliya da ya shafi iyalai 328, ma'aikatan jinya da aka horar kan lafiyar uwa da yaro sun koyar da dabaru a cikin tsararrun shawarwari (Hiscock et al., Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2007), kuma an bar zaɓin hanya ga iyaye (RACGP, 2014). Jagoran asibiti na Ostiraliya ya nanata: wannan zaɓi ya kamata ya yi la'akari da abin da kowace hanya ke buƙata daga iyaye (RACGP, 2014).

Abin da binciken ya nuna game da barcin jariri

Babban binciken Ostiraliya ya ɗauki iyaye mata 328 waɗanda suka bayar da rahoton matsalar barci a jaririnsu mai watanni 7. A watanni 10, 56 % na iyalai a rukunin gwaji har yanzu suna ba da rahoton matsalar barci, yayin da 68 % a rukunin sarrafawa; a watanni 12, 39 % da 55 % (Hiscock et al., Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2007).

Wani bita na asibiti na Kanada ya ƙididdige wannan riba: kusan iyali 1 cikin 4 zuwa 1 cikin 10 ya danganta da ma'aunin da aka auna, watau NNT (number needed to treat) daga 4 zuwa 10 (Korownyk da Lindblad, Canadian Family Physician, 2018). A wani gwaji na makonni 6 kan jarirai 235, manyan matsalolin da iyaye suka bayar da rahoto sun shafi 4 % na jarirai a rukunin gwaji yayin da 14 % a rukunin sarrafawa, kuma yawan jarirai masu aƙalla farkawa biyu a dare ya kasance 31 % da 60 % (wannan tushe).

Wani sabon gwaji ya raba jarirai 43 masu shekaru 6 zuwa 16: ragewa sannu-sannu da bedtime fading duk sun rage lokacin yin barci, kuma ragewa sannu-sannu ta kuma rage yawan farkawa cikin dare (Gradisar et al., Pediatrics, 2016). Sabuwar nazari mai haɗa bincike 13 ta kammala cewa shirye-shiryen suna inganta jimillar barcin dare (Liu et al., Sleep Health, 2023).

Abin da binciken ya nuna ga iyaye

A binciken iyalai 328, iyaye mata a rukunin gwaji sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin alamun baƙin ciki a watanni 10 (makin EPDS matsakaici ya yi ƙasa da maki 1,4, a kan sikelin da ake amfani da shi wajen gano baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa) da ingantaccen tunanin lafiya a watanni 10 da 12 (Hiscock et al., 2007). Kuɗin ya ɗan yi ƙasa da kulawa ta yau da kullum: kusan fam 97 da fam 117 a kowane iyali.

Shekaru biyu bayan fara, iyaye mata a rukunin gwaji har yanzu suna da ƙarancin alamun baƙin ciki: 15,4 % da 26,4 % a matakin al'umma, da 4,2 % da 13,2 % a matakin asibiti. Hanyoyin tarbiyya da lafiyar tunanin yara sun kasance ɗaya a rukunin biyu (Hiscock et al., Pediatrics, 2008).

Nazarin 2023 ma ya gano ingantuwar alamun baƙin ciki na iyaye mata (Liu et al., 2023). Bitan Stanzel et al. ya shafi bincike 20 kan jarirai 'yan ƙasa da watanni 12: barci da lafiyar tunanin iyaye mata suna inganta, kaɗan zuwa matsakaici, har da amincewar iyaye. Damuwa da gajiya ma suna raguwa. Binciken kaɗan da suka auna iyayen maza sun kuma bayar da rahoton ingantaccen lafiyar tunaninsu (Stanzel et al., Infant and Child Development, 2025).

Tsoron sakamako na dogon lokaci: abin da bin diddigin shekaru 5 ya ce

Bin diddigin shekaru biyar na binciken Ostiraliya ya sake samun iyalai 225 cikin 326 kuma ya kwatanta yaran rukunin biyu, waɗanda a lokacin suke kusan shekaru 6, a kan ma'auni 20. Halaye da motsin rai a gefe ɗaya, barci a gefe ɗaya; sannan kusanci da dangantakar iyaye da yaro, da lafiyar tunanin iyaye mata. Babu wani bambanci tsakanin rukunin biyu (Price et al., Pediatrics, 2012 ; Korownyk da Lindblad, 2018).

Ƙaramin gwajin Gradisar ya sami iri ɗaya a watanni 12: kusancin uwa da yaro iri ɗaya a rukunin biyu, haka nan matsalolin motsin rai da halaye. Har ma martanin damuwa na jarirai, wanda aka auna ta hanyar cortisol, ya ɗan ragu a rukunin gwaji idan aka kwatanta da rukunin sarrafawa (Gradisar et al., 2016).

Marubutan bin diddigin shekaru biyar sun kammala: dabarun ɗabi'a suna barin kaɗan na dindindin, mai kyau ko mara kyau. Iyaye da ƙwararru za su iya dogara da su don rage nauyin matsalolin barci da baƙin cikin uwa a ɗan gajeren lokaci da matsakaici (Price et al., 2012). Bitan asibiti na Kanada ya ƙara: babu wata illa da aka bayar da rahoto bayan shekaru 5 (Korownyk da Lindblad, 2018).

Abin da waɗannan binciken ba su faɗa ba

Waɗannan sakamakon sun shafi wani yanayi na musamman. Binciken ya ɗauki iyalai da suka bayar da rahoton matsalar barci, galibi da jarirai masu watanni 6 zuwa sama; jagoran asibiti na Ostiraliya ya sanya waɗannan hanyoyin daga watanni 6 (RACGP, 2014). Kuma a shekaru 5, yaran rukunin sarrafawa sun nuna sakamako iri ɗaya: ribar da aka tabbatar ta shafi kwanciyar iyali a ɗan gajeren lokaci da matsakaici (Price et al., 2012).

Yawancin ma'auni sun dogara ne kan abin da iyaye suka faɗa, kuma bitan suna lura da babban bambanci tsakanin binciken (Liu et al., 2023 ; Stanzel et al., 2025). Barci na rana da tsarin barci cikin sa'o'i 24 ba a yi nazari sosai: bitan bincike 59 ya auna dare, da wuya rana (Pétrin et al., 2026). Girman tasirin ya kasance matsakaici, waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna inganta yanayi mai wahala (Liu et al., 2023 ; Stanzel et al., 2025).

Shirye-shiryen da aka gwada sun dogara kan goyon bayan ƙwararru (RACGP, 2014). Amintaccen barci na watanni na farko da shawarar likita idan akwai damuwa suna zuwa gaban waɗannan hanyoyin (NHS, 2025).

Zaɓi, gwada, ko a'a: abin da ke da muhimmanci

A cikin binciken, iyaye sun zaɓi tsakanin ragewa sannu-sannu da zaman tare bisa abin da suka ga zai yiwu, kuma shawarwarin asibiti sun buƙaci a bar musu wannan zaɓi (RACGP, 2014). Barci da kansa, ko ta yaya, yana zuwa da lokaci: daga wajen wata na huɗu, jarirai da yawa suna fara yin barci da kansu bayan farkawa, wani lokacin kuma yin barci da kansu (Assurance Maladie, 2026). Idan farkawa ta ci gaba, matakin da aka ba da shawara shi ne a kwantar da hankali a wurin, ba tare da fitar da jariri daga gadonsa ba (wannan tushe).

A Ƙasar Ingila, NHS na gayyata a yi magana da ma'aikaciyar jinya da ke bin iyalai, health visitor (NHS, 2025). A Faransa, ayyukan PMI suna taimaka wa iyaye da ma'aikatan jinya na yara da ungozoma. Akwai kuma likitocin yara a wurin; ma'aikaciyar jinya na iya zuwa gida idan an buƙata (Assurance Maladie, 2026). Yin watsi da waɗannan hanyoyin har yanzu yana yiwuwa: yaran rukunin biyu na bin diddigin shekaru biyar ba su da bambanci ta fuskar lafiya, kuma babu wani bincike da ya nuna dole yaro ya sami horon barci don ya girma yadda ya kamata (Price et al., 2012).

Sources

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