Sienna

Bakin ciki bayan haihuwa: ganowa da wuri, ma'aunin, hanyoyin taimako

Maki 11 ko fiye a EPDS ba ganewar asali ba ne: sigina ne, kuma yana buɗe tattaunawa da tallafi. A Faransa, kusan mace ɗaya cikin shida tana da alamun baƙin ciki watanni biyu bayan haihuwa (Enquête nationale périnatale 2021). Tattaunawar farko bayan haihuwa, wajibi tun Yuli 2022, tana aiki don gane su da wuri.

EPDS: tambayoyi goma kan makon da ya gabata

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tambayoyi ne goma da mutum ya cika da kansa, kowanne ana ba shi maki daga 0 zuwa 3, jimillar maki har 30. An ƙera shi musamman don lokacin haihuwa kuma yana auna alamun makon da ya gabata (Santé publique France, BEH, 2023). Shi ne kayan aikin da Enquête nationale périnatale 2021 ta yi amfani da shi don kimanta yawan masu fama da shi a Faransa.

Ma'auni biyu ne suka bayyana a cikin bincike, kuma ba su faɗi abu ɗaya ba. A cewar wani nazari na haɗaɗɗiyar bayanai (bincike 58, mahalarta 15 557), ma'aunin 11 ko fiye yana daidaita mafi kyau tsakanin azanci da daidaito: kashi 81 % da 88 % idan aka kwatanta da tattaunawar ganewar asali mai tsari (BMJ, 2020). Ma'aunin 13 ko fiye ba shi da azanci sosai (66 %) amma ya fi daidaito (95 %): yana nuni ga alamun da suka fi bayyana, kuma shi ne na binciken Faransa.

Maki mai yawa ba ya yanke hukunci da kansa: dole ne ya kai ga ƙarin tantancewa, ba ga ganewar asali kai tsaye ba (USPSTF, 2023). Nazarin yana ba da ma'aunin girma: ya danganta da yawan masu fama, ƙimar hasashen tabbatacce ta maki 11 ko fiye tana tsakanin kashi 26 % zuwa 69 %, wato wani ɓangare na waɗannan maki ba ya dace da baƙin ciki (BMJ, 2020).

Mace ɗaya cikin shida, watanni biyu bayan haihuwa

A Faransar nahiya, kashi 16,7 % na matan da suka haihu a watan Maris 2021 suna da manyan alamun baƙin ciki watanni biyu bayan haka (maki EPDS 13 ko fiye), wato kusan ɗaya cikin shida (Santé publique France, BEH, 2023).

A cikin wannan samfurin na mata 7 133, kashi 27,6 % suna da matsanancin damuwa kuma kashi 5,4 % sun bayyana tunanin kashe kai. Alamun suna yawan kasancewa tare: daga cikin matan da suka sami baƙin ciki, kashi 83,2 % suna kuma da babbar damuwa kuma kashi 23,8 % suna da tunanin kashe kai.

Yawan masu fama ya bambanta da yanki, ya fi girma a Île-de-France, Centre-Val de Loire da Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur fiye da sauran sassan Faransar nahiya (tushe ɗaya).

Tattaunawar farko bayan haihuwa, wajibi tun Yuli 2022

Tun daga 1 Yuli 2022, tattaunawar farko bayan haihuwa wajibi ce (Code de la santé publique, article L2122-1). Ungozoma ko likita ne ke yin ta, tsakanin mako na 4 da na 8 bayan haihuwa, a gida ko a asibiti, kuma Assurance Maladie ne ke biyan ta (Assurance Maladie, 2026).

Manufar da doka ta tsara tana da tsanani: gane farkon alamun baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa da abubuwan haɗari, da kimanta bukatun tallafi na mace da abokin zamanta. Haute Autorité de santé tana tunatar da ƙwararru su ba da wannan tattaunawa ga dukan mata akai-akai (HAS, 2024).

Ana iya ba da tattaunawa ta biyu tsakanin mako na 10 da na 14, musamman ga matan da suka haihu karo na farko ko idan an gano alamomi ko abubuwan haɗari (Assurance Maladie ; HAS, 2024).

Baby blues ko baƙin ciki: tambayar tsawon lokaci

A cikin kwanaki bayan haihuwa, yanayin baƙin ciki, damuwa ko fushi yakan zama na yau da kullum kuma galibi ba shi da haɗari: shi ne baby blues, wanda yake gushewa cikin 'yan kwanaki (Assurance Maladie, 2026). NHS na Biritaniya ya bayyana cewa yawanci yana ɓacewa cikin makonni biyu.

Abin da ke canza komai shi ne dagewar. NHS tana shawartar a nemi taimako idan waɗannan ji suna ci gaba, suna ƙaruwa ko suna da wahala a iya jurewa, ko da wani ɓangare na alamun ne kawai yake nan. Baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa yakan ɗauki watanni uku zuwa shida, wani lokaci fiye da haka, kuma magani yana ƙara damar samun sauƙi (NHS, 2026).

Uba da sauran iyaye ma suna iya fuskantar baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa (NHS, 2026).

Inda za a sami taimako, a zahiri

A Faransa akwai hanyoyi da yawa, yawancinsu kyauta, daga farkon ganowa har zuwa ƙwararrun kulawa.

Sources